Rats are fasted for 12 hours before surgery (without restriction on drinking water)

The model group and the drug administration group used the inferior vena cava narrowing method to prepare the deep vein thrombosis model.

● Anesthetized rats were fixed in the supine position

● An approximately 3cm midline incision was made in the abdomen

● The inferior vena cava was isolated, and a ligature was placed below the left renal vein using a No. 4 suture

● A 30-gauge needle was positioned at the confluence of the left renal vein and the inferior vena cava, and both were ligated together

● The abdominal wall was sutured layer by layer and disinfected

For the model preparation in the normal control group, sham surgery was performed, with all procedures being the same as those in the model group, except for vessel ligation.